Famous Flash Fiction

Over the past few decades, flash fiction, micro-fiction, and other super-short short stories have grown in popularity. Entire journals such as Nano Fiction and Flash Fiction Online are devoted to flash fiction and related forms of writing, while contests administrated by Gulf Coast, Salt Publishing, and The Kenyon Review cater to flash fiction authors. But flash fiction also has a long and respectable history. Even before the term â€Å"flash fiction† came into common usage in the late 20th century, major writers in France, America, and Japan were experimenting with prose forms that put special emphasis on brevity and concision.   Charles Baudelaire (French, 1821-1869) In the 19th century, Baudelaire pioneered a new type of short-form writing called â€Å"prose poetry.† Prose poetry was Baudelaire’s method for capturing the nuances of psychology and experience in short bursts of description. As Baudelaire puts it in the introduction to his famous collection of prose poetry, Paris Spleen (1869): â€Å"Who has not, in bouts of ambition, dreamt this miracle, a poetic prose, musical without rhythm or rhyme, supple and choppy enough to accommodate the lyrical movement of the soul, the undulations of reverie, the bump and lurch of consciousness?† The prose poem became a favorite form of French experimental writers, such as Arthur Rimbaud and Francis Ponge. But Baudelaire’s emphasis on turns of thought and twists of observation also paved the way for the â€Å"slice of life† flash fiction that can be found in many present-day magazines. Ernest Hemingway (American, 1899-1961) Hemingway is well-known for novels of heroism and adventure such as For Whom the Bell Tolls and The Old Man and the Sea—but also for his radical experiments in super-short fiction. One of the most famous works attributed to Hemingway is a six-word short story: â€Å"For sale: baby shoes, never worn.† Hemingway’s authorship of this miniature story has been called into question, but he did create several other works of extremely short fiction, such as the sketches that appear throughout his short story collection In Our Time. And Hemingway also offered a defense of radically concise fiction: â€Å"If a writer of prose knows enough about what he is writing about he may omit things that he knows and the reader, if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them.† Yasunari Kawabata (Japanese, 1899-1972) As an author steeped in the economical yet expressive art and literature of his native Japan, Kawabata was interested in creating small texts that are great in expression and suggestion. Among Kawabata’s greatest accomplishments are the â€Å"palm-of-the-hand† stories, fictional episodes and incidents that last two or three pages at most. Topic-wise, the range of these miniature stories is remarkable, covering everything from intricate romances (â€Å"Canaries†) to morbid fantasies (â€Å"Love Suicides†) to childhood visions of adventure and escape (â€Å"Up in the Tree†). And Kawabata didn’t hesitate to apply the principles behind his â€Å"palm-of-the-hand† stories to his longer writings. Near the end of his life, he crafted a revised and much-shortened version of one of his celebrated novels, Snow Country. Donald Barthelme (American, 1931-1989) Barthelme is one of the American writers most responsible for the state of contemporary flash fiction. For Barthelme, fiction was a means of igniting debate and speculation: â€Å"I believe that my every sentence trembles with morality in that each attempts to engage the problematic rather than to present a proposition to which all reasonable men must agree.† Although these standards for indeterminate, thought-provoking short fiction have guided short fiction in the late 20th and early 21st century, Barthelme’s exact style is difficult to imitate with success. In stories such as â€Å"The Balloon†, Barthelme offered meditations on strange events—and little in the way of traditional plot, conflict, and resolution. Lydia Davis (American, 1947-present) A recipient of the prestigious MacArthur Fellowship, Davis has won recognition both for her translations of classic French authors and for her many works of flash fiction. In stories such as â€Å"A Man from Her Past†, â€Å"Enlightened†, and â€Å"Story†, Davis portrays states of anxiety and disturbance. She shares this special interest in uneasy characters with some of the novelists she has translated—such as Gustave Flaubert and Marcel Proust. Like Flaubert and Proust, Davis has been hailed for her breadth of vision and for her ability to pack a wealth of meaning into carefully-chosen observations. According to literary critic James Wood, â€Å"one can read a large portion of Davis’s work, and a grand cumulative achievement comes into view—a body of work probably unique in American writing, in its combination of lucidity, aphoristic brevity, formal originality, sly comedy, metaphysical bleakness, philosophical pressure, and human wisdom.†

William Shakespeares Macbeth Plot Summary

Macbeth, the play which is considered  Shakespeare’s most intense tragedy, is condensed into this plot  summary, capturing the essence and important plot points of the Bard’s shortest play. Macbeth Summary King Duncan hears of Macbeth’s heroics at war and bestows the title Thane of Cawdor on him. The current Thane of Cawdor has been deemed a traitor and the king orders that he be killed. The Three Witches Unaware of this, Macbeth and Banquo meet three witches on a heath who predict that Macbeth will inherit the title and eventually become king. They tell Banquo that he will be happy and that his sons will inherit the throne. Macbeth is then informed that he has been named Thane of Cawdor and his belief in the witches’ prophecy is confirmed. King Duncans Murder Macbeth contemplates his fate and Lady Macbeth encourages him to act to ensure the prophecy is realized. A feast is organized to which King Duncan and his sons are invited. Lady Macbeth hatches a plot to kill King Duncan while he sleeps and encourages Macbeth to carry out the plan. After the murder, Macbeth is full of regret. Lady Macbeth scorns him for his cowardly behavior. When Macbeth realizes that he has forgotten to leave the knife at the scene of the crime, Lady Macbeth takes over and completes the deed. Macduff finds the dead King and Macbeth accuses the Chamberlains of murder. King Duncan’s sons flee in fear of their lives. Banquos Murder Banquo questions the witches’ predictions and wants to discuss them with Macbeth. Macbeth sees Banquo as a threat and employs murderers to kill him and his son, Fleance. The murderers botch the job and only manage to kill Banquo. Fleance flees the scene and is blamed for his father’s death. Banquos Ghost Macbeth and Lady Macbeth host a feast to lament the death of the King. Macbeth sees Banquo’s ghost sitting in his chair and his concerned guests soon disperse. Lady Macbeth urges her husband to rest and forget his wrongdoings, but he decides to meet with the witches again to discover his future. Prophesies When Macbeth meets the three witches, they concoct a spell and conjure apparitions to answer his questions and predict his fate. A bodiless head appears and warns Macbeth to fear Macduff. Then a bloody child appears and assures him that â€Å"none of woman born shall harm Macbeth.† A third apparition of a crowned child with a tree in his hand tells Macbeth that he will not be vanquished until â€Å"Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill shall come against him.† Macduffs Revenge Macduff travels to England to help Malcolm (King Duncan’s son) avenge his father’s death and overthrow Macbeth. By this time, Macbeth has already decided that Macduff is his enemy and kills his wife and son. Lady Macbeths Death The doctor observes Lady Macbeth’s strange behavior. Every night she acts out washing her hands in her sleep as if trying to wash away her guilt. She dies shortly after. Macbeths Final Battle Malcolm and Macduff have assembled an army in Birnam Wood. Malcolm suggests the soldiers each cut down a tree in order to advance on the castle unseen. Macbeth is warned that the wood seems to be moving. Scoffing, Macbeth feels confident that he will be victorious in battle as his predicted invincibility that â€Å"none of woman born shall harm him† will protect him. Macbeth and Macduff finally confront each other. Macduff reveals that he was ripped from his mother’s womb in an untimely manner, so the â€Å"none of woman born† prophesy does not apply to him. He kills Macbeth and holds his head aloft for all to see before declaring Malcolm’s rightful place as king.

Double Negatives in Spanish

I cant get no satisfaction. I dont know nobody. You aint seen nothing yet. Because they contain double negatives, the above English sentences are considered substandard (although, of course, people often talk like that in real life). But theres no such prohibition in Spanish. In fact, in many cases, use of double negatives is required. Even triple negatives are possible. Double Negatives in Spanish Double and even triple negatives are not unusual in Spanish even though they are usually considered improper in English.Generally, negative and affirmative elements (such as the equivalents for never and always, respectively) shouldnt be used in the same Spanish sentence.Double-negative Spanish sentences can usually be translated in more than one way, such as I dont know anybody and I know nobody. Double Negatives Not Viewed Negatively in Spanish Grammarians may tell you that English doesnt use double negatives because the two negatives contradict each other and make a positive. (In other words, I dont know nobody is the same as saying I know somebody.) But negatives arent thought of in  that way in Spanish — the negatives are seen as reinforcing rather than contradicting each other. Although sometimes the second negative is used to make a stronger statement just as it is in substandard English, in most cases it is merely part of the structure of the sentence. In Spanish, the most common negative terms in addition to no (no, not) are apenas (barely, scarcely, hardly), jamà ¡s (never), nadie (nobody), ni (neither, not), ninguno (none, no), ni siquiera (not even), nunca (never), and tampoco (not even, nor, neither). Most of these terms in Spanish have a corresponding affirmative term: algo (something), alguien (somebody), alguno (some), siempre (always), tambià ©n (also), and siquiera (at least). How To Use Double and Triple Negatives As a general rule, a sentence cant include both affirmative and negative terms; where one element of a sentence (subject, verb, object) includes a negative term, the other elements should use a negative term where a term is needed. Also, with the exception of nunca jamà ¡s (see below), not more than one negative term is used before the verb. By following these rules, it is possible to have one, two, or three negatives in a sentence, as in the following examples: Apenas come. (She barely eats.)Apenas come nada. (She barely eats anything.)No tengo ninguno. (I dont have any.)Nadie sabe eso. (Nobody knows that.)Jamà ¡s fumo. (I never smoke.)Tampoco comià ³. (She didnt eat either.)Tampoco comià ³ nada. (She didnt eat anything either.)No hablà ³. (He didnt speak.)No dijo nada. (He said nothing.)No le dijo nada a nadie. (He didnt say anything to anybody.)No compro ninguno. (Im not buying any.)Nunca le compra nada a nadie. (She never buys anything for anybody.)No come ni siquiera pan. (He doesnt even eat bread.)Ni siquiera come pan. (He doesnt even eat bread.) Note that in some cases (such as the final two examples in the chart) it is possible to say the same thing in more than one way, with either one negative or two. Generally, that is because in Spanish the subject can come before or after the verb; where a negative subject comes before the verb, a no is not needed with the verb. In this example, ni siquiera no come pan would not be standard Spanish. There generally isnt much difference in meaning between using one negative or two. Note also that various translations to English are possible. Tampoco comià ³ could be translated not only as she didnt eat either but also as neither did she eat. When a verb is used with a negative term, it isnt always necessary to use a negative term after the verb. For example, No tengo amigos (I dont have friends) is grammatically acceptable. What you shouldnt do, though, is use an affirmative term for emphasis. If you want to say I dont have any friends, use a negative term after the verb: No tengo ningà ºn amigo. Other Uses of Double Negatives There are at least two other cases where a double negative is used for added emphasis: Nada as an adverb: When used as an adverb in a negative sentence, nada usually can be translated as at all. No ayuda nada. (He doesnt help at all.)No usa nada los ordenadores. (He doesnt use computers at all.) Nunca jamà ¡s: When these two negatives meaning never are used together, they reinforce each other. Nunca jamà ¡s vuelo. (I never, ever fly.)Dijo el cuervo, nunca jamà ¡s. (Quoth the raven, nevermore.)

Importance Of Physical Education - 1277 Words

Physical education plays a crucial role in the education of the whole student. While research supports the significance of movement in educating both the mind and body, many education institutions do not require physical education in their programs. Physical education contributes directly to the development of physical capability and fitness, while helping students make educated choices, and giving them the ability to understand the value of living an active lifestyle. A study featured in the Peabody Journal of Education expresses that the â€Å"results of a skillfully designed†¦program could possibly include all or a major part of the following: improved physical function, social adjustment, psychological adjustment, acquisition of specific†¦show more content†¦The athletic programs in schools solely provide children with different ways to learn motor skills, advance fitness, and gain knowledge about physical activity. The physical benefits acquired from establishing a pattern of physical activity in a child’s life include disease prevention, reduced morbidity, safety, and increased intellectual health. In a standard United States physical education program, students learn about the health benefits obtained from participating in physically active activities, as well as the importance of continuing these practices throughout life. In elementary school, the athletics program emphasizes the development of fundamental locomotor, non-locomotor, and artful skills through dance, gymnastics, and games. The motor skill basis established during elementary years can increase children’s social, cognitive, and physical development, and could also increase the individual’s interest in physical activities later on in life. Subsequently, in middle school, the physical activities taught in elementary school are usually refined, combined, and applied to sport-related activities. 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Stress Management Among Bank Employees Free Essays

string(191) " about how stress can affect you emotionally and physically, as well as how to identify if you are performing at your optimal stress level \(OSL\) or if you are experiencing negative stress\." INTRODUCTION: Pressure is part and parcel of all work and helps to keep one motivated. But excessive pressure can lead to stress, which undermines performance, is costly to employers and can make people ill. Stress is ubiquitous and has become an integral part of everyday living, an unavoidable consequence of modern living. We will write a custom essay sample on Stress Management Among Bank Employees or any similar topic only for you Order Now Stress is a condition of strain that has a direct bearing on emotions, thought process and physical conditions of a person. During the past decade, the banking sector had under gone rapid and striking changes like policy changes, increased competition due to the entrance of more private sector banks, introduction of new technologies, etc. Due to these changes, the employees in the banking sector are experiencing a high level of stress. Bank employees admit that stress is affecting their jobs, family life and health. Unpredictable economy, pressure to maintain profitability and increased responsibilities are main causes of stress. OBJECTIVES †¢ To analyze the origin and growth level of banking sector in Tirupur region To analyze the level of job stress among bank employees in Tirupur region. †¢ To analyze the contribution of over load, authority, conflict and Lack of Support from colic’s to the job stress among bank employees in Tirupur region. †¢ To analyze the importance of interventional strategies at organizational level to manage stress among bank employees. †¢ To analyze th e role of stress in interpersonal relationship †¢ To evaluate the progress, goals and success of stress management programme organized by the banks †¢ To give suitable suggestions to the banking sector to develop tressless working condition among the bank employees (1. 1) CONCEPT OF STRESS (1. 1. 1) INTRODUCTION TO STRESS A lot of research has been conducted into stress over the last hundred years. Some of the theories behind it are now settled and accepted; others are still being researched and debated. During this time, there seems to have been something approaching open warfare between competing theories and definitions: Views have been passionately held and aggressively defended. What complicates this is that intuitively we all feel that we know what stress is, as it is something we have all experienced. A definition should therefore be obvious†¦except that it is not. Definition: Hans Selye was one of the founding fathers of stress research. His view in 1956 was that â€Å"stress is not necessarily something bad – it all depends on how you take it. The stress of exhilarating, creative successful work is beneficial, while that of failure, humiliation or infection is detrimental. † Selye believed that the biochemical effects of stress would be experienced irrespective of whether the situation was positive or negative. Since then, a great deal of further research has been conducted, and ideas have moved on. Stress is now viewed as a â€Å"bad thing†, with a range of harmful biochemical and long-term effects. These effects have rarely been observed in positive situations. The most commonly accepted definition of stress (mainly attributed to Richard S Lazarus) is that, Stress is a condition or feeling experienced when a person perceives that â€Å"demands exceed the personal and social resources the individual is able to mobilize. † In short, it’s what we feel when we think we’ve lost control of events. This is the main definition used by this section of Mind Tools, although we also recognize that there is an intertwined instinctive stress response to unexpected events. The stress response inside us is therefore part instinct and part to do with the way we think. The types of stress are as follows Mechanical †¢Stress (physics), the average amount of force exerted per unit area. †¢Yield stress, the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically. †¢Compressive stress, the stress applied to materials resulting in their compaction. Biological Stress (biological), physiological or psychological stress; some types include: a) Chronic stress, persistent stress which can lead to illness and mental disorder b) Eustress, positive stress that can lead to improved long-term functioning c) Workplace stress, stress caused by employment Music †¢Accent (music). †¢Stress (band), an early ’80s melodic rock band from San Diego. †¢Stress (punk band), an ear ly ’80s punk rock band from Athens. †¢Stress (Neo-Psychedelic band), from the late 1980’s. †¢Stress, a song by the French band Justice on their debut album Other Stress (game), card game †¢Stress (linguistics), phonological use of prominence in language Chronic stress Chronic stress is stress that lasts a long time or occurs frequently. Chronic stress is potentially damaging. Symptoms of chronic stress can be: †¢Upset stomach †¢Headache †¢Backache †¢Insomnia †¢Anxiety †¢Depression †¢Anger is the most severe cases it can lead to panic attacks or a panic disorder. There are a variety of methods to control chronic stress, including exercise, healthy diet, stress management, relaxation techniques, adequate rest, and relaxing hobbies. 1. 1. 2) what is Stress? Stress refers to the strain from the conflict between our external environment ands, leading to emotional and physical pressure. In our fast paced world, it is impossib le to live without stress, whether you are a student or a working adult. There is both positive and negative stress, depending on each individual’s unique perception of the tension between the two forces. Not all stress is bad. For example, positive stress, also known as eustress, can help an individual to function at optimal effectiveness and efficiency. Hence, it is evident that some form of positive stress can add more color and vibrancy to our lives. The presence of a deadline, for example, can push us to make the most of our time and produce greater efficiency. It is important to keep this in mind, as stress management refers to using stress to our advantage, and not on eradicating the presence of stress in our lives. On the other hand, negative stress can result in mental and physical strain. The individual will experience symptoms such as tensions, headaches, irritability and in extreme cases, heart palpitations. Hence, whilst some stress may be seen as a motivating force, it is important to manage stress levels so that it does not have an adverse impact on your health and relationships. Part of managing your stress levels include learning about how stress can affect you emotionally and physically, as well as how to identify if you are performing at your optimal stress level (OSL) or if you are experiencing negative stress. You read "Stress Management Among Bank Employees" in category "Papers" This knowledge will help you to identify when you need to take a break, or perhaps seek professional help. It is also your first step towards developing techniques to managing your stress levels. Modern day stresses can take the form of monetary needs, or emotional frictions. Competition at work and an increased workload can also cause greater levels of stress. How do you identify if you are suffering from excessive stress? Psychological symptoms commonly experienced include insomnia, headaches and an inability to focus. Physical symptoms take the form of heart palpitations, breathlessness, excessive sweating and stomachaches. What causes stress? There are many different causes of stress, and that which causes stress is also known as a stressor. Common lifestyle stressors include performance, threat, and bereavement stressors, to name a few. Performance stressors are triggered when an individual is placed in a situation where he feels a need to excel. This could be during performance appraisals, lunch with the boss, or giving a speech. Threat stressors are usually when the current situation poses a dangerous threat, such as an economic downturn, or from an accident. Lastly, bereavement stressors occur when there is a sense of loss such as the death of a loved one, or a prized possession. Thus, there are various stressors, and even more varied methods and techniques of dealing with stress and turning it to our advantages. In order to do so, we must learn to tell when we have crossed the line from positive to negative stress. Good stress v/s Bad stress: Stress has often been misunderstood to be negative, with few people acknowledging the importance and usefulness of positive stress. In our everyday lives, stress is everywhere and definitely unavoidable; hence our mphasis should be on differentiating between what is good stress, and what is bad. This will help us to learn to cope with negative stress, and harness the power of positive stress to help us achieve more. There are 4 main categories of stress, namely eustress, distress, hyper stress and hypo stress. Negative stress can cause many physical and psychological problems, whilst positive stres s can be very helpful for us. Here’s how we differentiate between them. Eustress: This is a positive form of stress, which prepares your mind and body for the imminent challenges that it has perceived. Eustress is a natural physical reaction by your body which increases blood flow to your muscles, resulting in a higher heart rate. Athletes before a competition or perhaps a manager before a major presentation would do well with eustress, allowing them to derive the inspiration and strength that is needed. Distress: We are familiar with this word, and know that it is a negative form of stress. This occurs when the mind and body is unable to cope with changes, and usually occurs when there are deviations from the norm. They can be categorized into acute stress and chronic stress. Acute stress is intense, but does not last for long. On the other hand, chronic stress persists over a long period of time. Trigger events for distress can be a change in job scope or routine that the person is unable to handle or cope with. Hyper stress: This is another form of negative stress that occurs when the individual is unable to cope with the workload. Examples include highly stressful jobs, which require longer working hours than the individual can handle. If you suspect that you are suffering from hyper stress, you are likely to have sudden emotional breakdowns over insignificant issues, the proverbial straws hat broke the camel’s back. It is important for you to recognize that your body needs a break, or you may end up with severe and chronic physical and psychological reactions. Hypo stress: Lastly, hypo stress occurs when a person has nothing to do with his time and feels constantly bored and unmotivated. This is due to an insufficient amount of stress; hence so me stress is inevitable and helpful to us. Companies should avoid having workers who experience hypo stress as this will cause productivity and mindfulness to fall. If the job scope is boring and repetitive, it would be a good idea to implement some form of job rotation so that there is always something new to learn. The types of stress are named as eustress and distress. Distress is the most commonly-referred to type of stress, having negative implications; whereas eustress is a positive form of stress, usually related to desirable events in person’s life. Both can be equally taxing on the body, and are cumulative in nature, depending on a person’s way of adapting to a change that has caused it. (1. 1. ) Coping with Stress at Work place With the rapid advancement of technology, the stresses faced at work have also increased. Many people dread going to work, hence the term â€Å"Monday Blues†. What is the reason for this? There is partly the fear from being retrenched in bedtimes, leading to greater job insecurity on the part of those who remain. Undoubtedly, occupational stress is one of the most commonly cited stressors fa ced by people all over the world. Stress refers to the pressure and reactions to our environment which results in psychological and physical reactions. Whilst some stress is good for motivation and increasing efficiency, too much stress can result in negative impacts such as reduced effectiveness and efficiency. More and more people are feeling isolated and disrespected at work, and this has led to greater occupational stress. Many companies have taken to consulting experts and professionals on ways to increase connectedness and motivation of their employees. Some companies organize parties and make their employees feel valued at work. These are measures to motivate employees and help them to feel secure at their jobs, translating into greater productivity. However, not all companies have such measures in place, and some have not gotten it quite right. Hence, it is up to you to make sure that you can cope with stress at your workplace, and use it to help you work better. Here are 3 simple steps to help you with coping with stress in the workplace. Step 1: Raising Awareness Help yourself to identify when you are facing rising levels of stress, tipping the scales from positive to negative. This is important, as being able to identify signs of being stressed can help you to take steps to ensure that your overall quality of life does not drop. If left unacknowledged, the problem will only snowball, leading to disastrous consequences to your health and overall wellbeing. You can identify if you are feeling stressed by checking if you have any physical or psychological reactions, such as excessive sweating or heart palpitations, or the onset of headaches, irritability or the need to escape. If you experience any of these reactions, identify if you are feeling any overwhelming negative emotions, and if you are constantly worried. Step 2: Identify the Cause You need to be able to analyze the situation and identify what is causing the rise in stress. These stressors can be external and internal. External stressors refer to things beyond your control, such as the environment or your colleagues at work. Internal stressors refer to your own thinking and attitude. Often, we only start reacting to stress when a combination of stressors working together exceeds our ability to cope. Keep a diary or a list of events that have caused you to feel strong negative emotions, or that are likely stressors. This will help you to identify the causes of your stress. Whilst it is not always possible to eradicate them, we can change the way that we cope with it. Step 3: Coping with Stress In order to deal with the situation that is causing you stress, you need to calm your mind and body so as to stave off the reactions and cope with it in a positive way. This can be through different methods, such as taking time off. If a situation is triggering your stress and you are unable to calm down, remove yourself from it. Go outside and take a walk to calm down. Alternatively, you can try implementing relaxation techniques such as deep breathing. If it is an internal stressor, stop your thought process until you are able to deal with it logically. The key to making these 3 steps work for you is to practice them. These are not instantaneous solutions, and you need to condition your mind and practice them so that you can implement it when you are feeling stressed. (1. 1. 4) Stress Management Stress management is the need of the hour. However hard we try to go beyond a stress situation, life seems to find new ways of stressing us out and plaguing us with anxiety attacks. Moreover, be it our anxiety, mind-body exhaustion or our erring attitudes, we tend to overlook causes of stress and the conditions triggered by those. In such unsettling moments we often forget that stressors, if not escapable, are fairly manageable and treatable. Stress, either quick or constant, can induce risky body-mind disorders. Immediate disorders such as dizzy spells, anxiety attacks, tension, sleeplessness, nervousness and muscle cramps can all result in chronic health problems. They may also affect our immune, cardiovascular and nervous systems and lead individuals to habitual addictions, which are inter-linked ith stress. Like â€Å"stress reactions†, â€Å"relaxation responses† and stress management techniques are some of the body’s important built-in response systems. As relaxation response the body tries to get back balance in its homeostasis. Some hormones released during the ‘fight or flight’ situation prompt the body to replace the l ost carbohydrates and fats, and restore the energy level. The knotted nerves, tightened muscles and an exhausted mind crave for looseness. Unfortunately, today, we don’t get relaxing and soothing situations without asking. To be relaxed we have to strive to create such situations. Recognizing a stressor: It is important to recognize whether you are under stress or out of it. Many times, even if we are under the influence of a stressful condition and our body reacts to it internally as well as externally, we fail to realize that we are reacting under stress. This also happens when the causes of stress are there long enough for us to get habituated to them. The body constantly tries to tell us through symptoms such as rapid palpitation, dizzy spells, tight muscles or various body aches that something is wrong. It is important to remain attentive to such symptoms and to learn to cope with the situations. We cope better with stressful situation, when we encounter them voluntarily. In case of relocation, promotion or layoff, adventurous sports or having a baby, we tend to respond positively under stress. But, when we are compelled into such situations against our will or knowledge, more often than not, we wilt at the face of unknown and imagined threats. For instance, stress may mount when one is coerced into undertaking some work against one’s will. How to cite Stress Management Among Bank Employees, Papers

The Imperialism - A Global Phenomenon And Its Effects

Question: Imperialism has been the most powerful force in world history over the last four or five centuries, carving up whole continents while oppressing indigenous peoples and obliterating entire civilizations." Defend or condemn the argument by giving examples of the interaction between Western industrial powers and traditional, non Western societies. Were these contacts essentially positive or negative? Answer: I agree with the argument as imperialism has completely transformed the world and was essentially a global phenomenon. The effect of imperialism is visible in the form of slave trade and practice of Apartheid in Africa. One of the core aspects of imperialism globally has been to establish the superiority of the While men or the imperialist not only in economic and political terms but also in cultural terms. As a result, changes were introduced in the traditional communities so as to suit the interest of the imperialist forces. A case in point is that of India where the traditional Jajmani system was dismantled as monetisation became every pervasive which brought havoc to the life of peasants and artisans and led to the altering of the entire social fabric (Brower Sanders, 2013). Further, another agenda of imperialism was to inculcate its value system and its religion (Christianity) and hence the ethos and value of indigenous people were mocked at (Maier, nd). With regards to the contacts, they had both positive and negative influences. On one hand, they laid the seeds of modern education and industries but there was loss of indigenous culture and practices as they were looked down upon (Brower Sanders, 2013). Besides, it evoked nationalism in the various societies that were essentially fragmented on lines of caste, creed religion which is positive. However, economically these contacts were disastrous for the non-Western countries as there was massive plunge of wealth even though later the seeds of industrialisation were also sowed by the Western imperialists (Maier, nd). References Brower, D. R. and Sanders, T. (2013), The World in the Twentieth Century (7th edition), New York: Pearson Maier, B. (nd), Imperialism: political, economic, social consequences, Retrieved on September 1, 2016 from https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/bob-maier-imperialism-political-economic-social-consequences-by-bob-maier-black-red-number-1-se

Corporate Social Responsibilities Policies of BP-Free-Samples

Question: Discuss about the Discuss about the Corporate Social Responsibilities Policies of BP. Answer: BP had established their headquarters in Mexico more than 50 years ago in 1960s. The company in the country is currently operating in the synthetic lubricants market, in natural gases such as liquefied natural gas crude oil and refined products to level including petrochemicals. These activities supplement in meeting the demand of energy and energy security requirements (bp.com, 2017). The essay is focused on the ethical issues of the company regarding the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. It is due to the explosion occurred at occurred at the BPs Deepwater Horizon oil rig. Further research stated that the event could have been avoided if the company, its partners and the government would have dealt with the problem found by the commission appointed by Obama. An analysis and recommendation of the companys business ethics will be discussed in the following essay (wordpress.com, 2017). Business and the society that the business is operating in are interconnected with the business ethics theory. It can be viewed from two points, that are, the goal of the business and the consideration of the business as a part of the society. The dilemmas in the ethical grounds occur if two or more than two social work morals are in conflict. The unsafely performance conditions and environmental pollutions that are found in the Deepwater Horizon oil spills that is Gulf of Mexico put pressure on BP for violating the ethics of the business. Major stakeholders of the company also got affected in the regarded issue. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill that is Gulf of Mexico is considered as the worst oil spill in U.S. history. The explosion took place on 20th April, 2010, that resulted in large oil spill catastrophe, where 11 workers in the rig were killed and the number of injured are 17. Over 150 thousand barrels of crude oil gushed into the sea on every day basis for next five months which covered 68 thousand square miles of the Gulf surface (ocean.si.edu, 2017). BP funded the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative with $500 million to carry out the research on the impact of the spill (ocean.si.edu, 2017). The research teams came up with a report blaming unethical behavior of the company that led to the disaster. They stated that BP used cheaper equipment in installation of a drilling rig which was considered as risky. The utilitarianism theory is used in the description for evaluating the ethics of the company in the matter which states that action of an individual should always be based on the ethics and moral rules (Lata, 2014). It favors the idea of sacrifice of a few for the profit of the larger mass. The benefits of the society were minimized in BPs CSR policy. The oil slip of Gulf of Mexico can be traced back to various missteps that were taken by the companies involved, BP, Transocean, Halliburton and the MMS who acted in an absolutely unethical way and denied their minimal duties. The BPs contribution towards deprived does not compensates for the destruction. The government was equally responsible for the accident for building a flawed relation with the company. The ethical responsibility of the company and the government needs to be reformed in order to avoid such accidents in future (forbes.com, 2017). The lack of professionalism of the CEO, Tony Hayward was observed by all, prejudging the ethical behavior of the companys social responsibility, as he was enjoying a yachting holiday during the crisis. It portrayed a negative image of the company administration (Lamendella et al., 2014). A large number of stakeholders got affected by this accident either directly or indirectly. The major stakeholders are the sea lives. It is due to the pollution that mutated and killed the fishes. The sea lives were devastated by the explosion and the natural lives got changed widely (Paul et al., 2013). Another major party that got affected is the industries of seafood and tourism. The water pollution put the workers at the risk of losing their jobs, increased seafood price in the market which affected the restaurant and supermarkets as well. People refrained from going to the beaches due to the pollution which demolished the tourism sector. On the other hand, the profit figures of the company fell down to 35% which increased the expenditure and obligation for individual compensation and penalties, thus losing revenue (ocean.si.edu, 2017). It impacted in the reputation of the company and damaged the financial backbone of the company as the investors and the stakeholders lost their f aith. The marine life on the other hand was critically harmed due to the explosion. The toxic oil in the water caused mutation in several species and many have been killed due to it (Steele, 2016; Resnik et al., 2015). Moreover, peoples opinion of oil use was questioned because of the disaster in BPs oil station. People were put in the position to consider about shifting to the alternative energy sources as they evidenced the negative impact of oil spill to the environment. On contrary, the attempts that were made by the company to compensate for the damage by taking part in cleaning campaign can also be taken into consideration. People who got affected by the disaster directly or indirectly received benefits out of these actions (practicalethics.ox.ac.uk, 2017). Nevertheless, this cannot undo the accident that took place in the first place. If the BP had taken ethical considerations in constructing standard oil drilling rig, the whole scenario could have been avoided in the first place. It could have saved companys huge amount of money that was spent on cleaning and other fine. They could have invested this money in future projects. It could also contribute in reduction of the oil price by supplying more amount of oil in the U.S. market. This could have benefited the whole economy as many companies have to spend a lot of money in the oil expanses. Hence, if the expenses would have been less, the price of the products or services provided by the companies would have also been considerably decreased (Liu et al., 2016). Kents Deontology theory can be used as the second philosophy in the scenario where it judges the persons action and intentions to fulfill a duty regardless of the consequences that come after (Shafer-Landau, 2014). Though the report shows the usage of poor quality equipment resulted in the explosion, but it was never the intention of BP to create as such. But it is clearly sighted that, the decision taken in immoral as it increased the risk factors and eventually resulted in a catastrophic damage. On contrary, the investment done by the company is containing the damage and in recovery shows good morals and ethical part of the company with good intentions that neutralizes the actions. The companys participation in clean-up mission is considered as ethical and moral according to the Kant theory. BP should invest more time and labor in creating a proper and ethical CSR plan in future which can avoid these unfortunate circumstances. Focus has to be given on the use of standard equipments. This will eventually raise the price of the oil in the market but ensure the safety of the society and the employees of the company. The profit margin of the company will also eventually fall, but it will stop from creating similar situation in near future which will in term save a lot of money. The after steps that were taken by the company were justified as they showed ethical and moral insight of the company. Their decisions in cleaning up the water and help in sustaining the marine life came up profitable for the stakeholders. But this couldnt fully compensate the damage as the unethical decisions taken by the company in prior caused harmful effects to the marine life and altogether to the economic infrastructure of the company. No real benefits were provided from the next ethical decisio ns that were taken aftermath. Conclusion can be drawn from the above discussion that the companys CSR policy clearly needed to be upgraded. The failure of British Petroleums business strategy in Gulf of Mexico has been highlighted in the essay and various ethical issues have been discussed. The ethical dilemmas of the incident can be seen. The use of Kents Deontology theory and utilitarianism theory is also used in the passage for analyzing the situation and the events occurred in following. A brief discussion is also provided of the impact on the major stakeholder in the issue. The final part of the essay comprises of the recommendation that the company should take in order to avoid similar incidents in near future which will affect their image and the products they deal with. References academia.edu. (2017). BP ethical Issue Retrieved 17 August (2017), from https://www.academia.edu/7563817/BP_ethical_issues bp.com. (2017). BP Mexico. Retrieved 17 August 2017, from https://www.bp.com/es_mx/mexico/acerca-de-bp/bp-en-mexico.html forbes.com. (2017). Real Cause of Oil Spill. Retrieved 18 August 2017, from https://www.forbes.com/2010/05/25/oil-spill-engineering-technology-cio-network-bp.html Lata, R. (2014). BUSINESS ETHICS IN FIJI 2.Asia-Pacific Journal of Education, Business and Society,1(1). Lamendella, R., Strutt, S., Borglin, S., Chakraborty, R., Tas, N., Mason, O. U., ... Jansson, J. K. (2014). Assessment of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill impact on Gulf coast microbial communities.Frontiers in microbiology,5. Liu, Z., Liu, J., Gardner, W. S., Shank, G. C., Ostrom, N. E. (2016). The impact of Deepwater Horizon oil spill on petroleum hydrocarbons in surface waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico.Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography,129, 292-300. ocean.si.edu. (2017). Gulf Oil Spill. Retrieved 17 August 2017, from https://ocean.si.edu/gulf-oil-spill practicalethics.ox.ac.uk. (2017). practical ethics Retrieved 17 August 2017, from https://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2010/06/ethical-questions-surrounding-the-bp-oil-spill/ Paul, J.H., Hollander, D., Coble, P., Daly, K.L., Murasko, S., English, D., Basso, J., Delaney, J., McDaniel, L. and Kovach, C.W., (2013). Toxicity and mutagenicity of Gulf of Mexico waters during and after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.Environmental science technology,47(17), pp.9651-9659. Resnik, D.B., Miller, A.K., Kwok, R.K., Engel, L.S. and Sandler, D.P., (2015). Ethical issues in environmental health research related to public health emergencies: reflections on the GuLF STUDY.Environmental health perspectives,123(9), p.A227. Shafer-Landau, R. (2014). The fundamentals of ethics. Steele, G.A., (2016). Environmental Conflict and Media Coverage of an Oil Spill in Trinidad.Negotiation and Conflict Management Research,9(1), pp.60-80. wordpress.com. (2017). Deepwater Horizon. Retrieved 17 August 2017, from https://bizgovsoc4.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/the-deepwater-horizon-spill-an-ethical-nightmare/